To educate talents and employ people, see how these schools and enterprises do
A student of Xi'an Construction Engineering Technician College is training in a fine woodworking project.Xinhua News Agency
【Roundtable Dialogue】
Guests of this issue
Yong Juan, Minister of Human Resources Department (Party Committee Organization Department) of China Forestry Group Corporation
Zheng Xuhong, Director of the Student Employment and Entrepreneurship Guidance Service Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University
Liu Ruobing, Director of the Career Guidance Center of Sichuan University
Liu Zhentian, Secretary of the Party Committee of Xiamen University Education Research Institute
1 Building a new educational paradigm for social needs
Reporter: Promoting student employment requires cooperation between schools and enterprises.In recent years, many pioneers have made many attempts and achieved certain results.From your observations, what are the main practices of schools and enterprises to jointly cultivate talents?
Yong Juan: In my opinion, there are three main modes: First, the customized mode. In order to solve the problem of employment, enterprises will cooperate with schools to run schools and classes from a long-term perspective, and export them after completion. This mode is suitable for skills and technology. talent training.The second is the general practice model, which is carried out through teaching probation and post practice, which is suitable for the training of general skilled talents.The third is the project research mode, which is carried out through training and co-construction, curriculum development, project declaration, patent application, and co-construction of off-campus practice bases. Cooperation in discipline construction, teacher and talent training, and scientific teaching and research is given priority to enterprises. Selection of personnel.
Zheng Xuhong: Now, more and more companies are cooperating with schools to launch targeted talent training programs, such as school-enterprise cooperation elite classes.Our school cooperates with Huawei, ZTE and other enterprises to open elite classes, selects students who are interested in Huawei Hongmeng system or ZTE 5G, and offers a series of courses for one year. Technological breakthroughs enable undergraduates to understand the specific issues that companies care about at the early stage of their studies.
Liu Ruobing: As far as our school is concerned, the school-enterprise cooperation to promote employment mainly takes the following forms: First, the construction of practice bases, the company recruits interns every year, and comes to the school to carry out registration and publicity.The second is joint training. The employer will select a part of the lower grade students, sign an agreement in advance, and directly join the company after graduation.The third is to hire enterprise technical personnel to come to the school to start classes, or jointly guide students with school teachers for graduation thesis and graduation design, and hire some excellent enterprise management personnel to give students career planning-related lectures, interview training, etc.Fourth, scientific research cooperation drives employment. Students participate in joint scientific research projects between schools and enterprises, and have the opportunity to work in project cooperation units after graduation.
Liu Zhentian: In recent years, more and more colleges and universities have promoted the integration of production and education, school-enterprise cooperation, and the integration of production, education, research and application, and carried out cooperation in opening majors, developing courses, teacher training, and promoting employment.The "zero distance" between schools and enterprises, and the seamless connection between teaching and production processes, is conducive to reversing the situation that school education was separated from actual needs in the past, and building a new educational paradigm that meets the needs of society and the market.
2 Leading social development and creating more wealth through employment
Reporter: The above approach is effective, why?What kind of inspiration does it provide for employment promotion?
Liu Ruobing: First of all, these models have well promoted the trust and understanding of both graduates and employers.For example, going to an internship base for an internship allows students to perceive the corporate culture, operation mode and working method in advance, and the company will also understand the students in advance.Another example is that in the promotion of employment by scientific research projects, many graduate students rely on the joint research projects of tutors and enterprises to participate in it. If the unit has talent needs at the time of graduation, employment will be "natural".Second, these models help improve students' workplace competencies.Under the same conditions, students with rich practical experience are often more favored in job hunting.
Yong Juan: The above approach can be effective. On the one hand, it is to identify the needs and "prescribe the right medicine".The school conducts talent demand analysis and job capability surveys for targeted industries, clarifies the company's talent demands for positions, and improves the curriculum system.On the other hand, they complement each other and progress layer by layer.The enterprise and the school integrate resources and complement each other's advantages, and the enterprise helps the school to continuously improve the talent training model; at the same time, through targeted training, the enterprise can form a training system and promotion development model for its own talents, and further optimize the structure of the enterprise's talent team.
Zheng Xuhong: The more active an enterprise is, the more high-level talents can be recruited; the more actively involved a school is, the more it can promote high-quality employment of students.Therefore, it is particularly necessary for the government to strengthen the effective regulation of the supply of talents by the employment market, and take the market supply and demand ratio and employment quality as the important basis for schools to set up disciplines and majors and determine the scale of training.The new enrollment plan should be inclined to universities and disciplines that undertake major national strategic tasks and actively promote school-enterprise collaborative education.
Liu Zhentian: Enterprises actively promote the employment of college students, and they can choose the specialized talents they need, thereby promoting the development and progress of enterprises and society; enterprises participating in the employment of college students can deeply understand the situation of talent training in colleges and universities and the trend of knowledge and technology innovation, and achieve better cooperation with colleges and universities. more comprehensive cooperation.No matter who throws the "olive branch" first, the significance of cooperation between colleges and enterprises to cultivate talents and promote employment is not only to help college students find a job, but also to lead social development through employment and create more and better material wealth and spirituality wealth.
3 "It's not going to go deep" is not scary, continuous running-in is the key
Reporter: Please discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various cooperation models based on domestic and foreign experience.
Yong Juan: Taking the project system as an example, colleges and universities can target different types of enterprises.The pros and cons of the project can be verified not only by the enterprise, but also by the market.Students trained in this way are welcomed by enterprises and can achieve "zero distance" employment.However, in the process of project cooperation, once the company goes bankrupt, work stoppage, etc., the rights and interests of students may not be guaranteed, and a rights protection mechanism needs to be established before the project starts.
Zheng Xuhong: The order-based talent training in vocational colleges is helpful for students to go to work directly after graduation, but the training content is highly exclusive, and it is difficult for targeted employment to meet the needs of students' free development.In addition, due to the rapid changes in the market, the orders entered into the school sometimes cannot adapt to the market after a few years.The construction of an internship training base is conducive to understanding the work content of the specific positions of the enterprise and mastering the actual work skills, but there are indeed some phenomena that the internship tasks of some enterprises are simply repetitive labor and so on.
Liu Ruobing: For vocational colleges, order-based training is more applicable; for comprehensive and research-oriented universities, the school-enterprise cooperation model in which scientific research and talent training and talent transfer promote each other has more potential.
No matter which model is adopted, both sides of the school and enterprise need a running-in process.For example, joint training, companies select students from lower grades, students may not have mature ideas at that time, and may have other plans when they graduate.Such issues need to be resolved through negotiation between the two parties.In the process of internship or project, students should be more proactive, communicate more with corporate mentors or colleagues, and learn more about the environment of the unit, the nature of the job, and the way of working, so as to have a clearer plan for their career path and development prospects.
Liu Zhentian: The key to cooperation between schools and enterprises is to improve the ability and level of colleges and universities to face the society and enterprises, optimize the educational structure, and promote the high-quality development of education.Some advanced foreign experiences are worth learning. Combined with the actual situation of the local school in the country, we can creatively establish a mode of combining production and education that suits us.
4 Only by colliding with sparks, can more entry points be found
Reporter: How should both schools and enterprises choose a cooperation model based on their own characteristics?
Zheng Xuhong: School-enterprise cooperation requires both parties to reach a full consensus and establish a stable trust relationship.Schools should give full play to their professional advantages, make full use of teaching resources, and fully implement the goal of cultivating professional and technical application talents.It is necessary to continuously increase coordination efforts by strengthening platform construction.Enterprises should participate in a series of links such as talent training goals, professional orientation, curriculum setting, and employment guidance of schools.Through resource sharing, both parties can obtain new resources for development and form a cooperative relationship that supports each other.
Yong Juan: Choosing the most suitable cooperation model for one's own characteristics is the key factor for the success of school-enterprise cooperation.Under the new situation, we must deeply understand the objectivity and importance of school-enterprise cooperation, and choose the optimal cooperation mode on the basis of careful analysis of our own advantages and the actual situation of the enterprise, so as to improve the performance of school-enterprise cooperation and the competitiveness of both parties.The depth of school-enterprise cooperation is multi-level and the breadth is multi-faceted.No matter what kind of school-enterprise cooperation model is adopted, the ultimate goal is to meet the needs of the society for all types of talents at all levels.
Liu Zhentian: The integrated development of production and education should be based on the principles of ranging from small to large, from shallow to deep in degree, and from single to diverse in form, so as to achieve mutual benefit.The newly revised Vocational Education Law has made corresponding provisions, and the key is to put them in place.For example, for personnel cooperation and enterprise technicians to teach in colleges and universities, the education administrative department should relax restrictions appropriately, and there is no need to require them to have college teacher qualification certificates; similarly, enterprises are obliged to accept college teachers for temporary training or participate in training.For technical cooperation, universities and enterprises jointly apply for research projects, or enterprises entrust universities to undertake technology research and development, enterprises transfer relevant equipment to universities, and the government implements certain preferential and tax reductions for enterprises.To cultivate cooperation, enterprises and colleges and universities jointly develop courseware, negotiate training programs, develop teaching materials and teaching aids, and provide internship practice bases for students.
Liu Ruobing: Both schools and enterprises have their own resources and needs.Taking our school as an example, we put forward the employment concept of "topping the sky" and "standing on the ground"."Dingtian" guides students to serve the national development strategy, and solves advanced problems and "stuck neck" technical problems by combining theory with practice; "Standing" encourages students to solve problems in grassroots governance, public services and other fields down-to-earth.Therefore, in "visiting enterprises to expand positions", we pay more attention to key national key enterprises, important central enterprises, state-owned enterprises, grass-roots party and government organs, institutions, etc.; during the "visiting" and "expansion" process, not only employment departments, scientific The department will also participate in order to fully understand the employment needs and technical needs of the enterprise.
Whether it is project docking, demand docking or establishing a cooperation model, the two parties can find more entry points only after sparks collide in the exchange.As both parties get to know each other better, they will surely find a balance between their respective needs and truly achieve a win-win situation.
(Our reporter Zhang Sheng and Zhou Shixiang)
(Project team: reporters Zhang Sheng, Zhou Shixiang, Wang Simin)
【Editor: Fang Jialiang】
