New Village·New Farmer
Exploring the Science and Technology "Core" of China's No. 1 County for Fresh Cut Flower Production
Before these young people enter the "Rural Revitalization Laboratory", they have to eat and live with the villagers for a month or two, so that they can familiarize themselves with the industries here and enhance their relationship with their fellow villagers.Except during breaks, they wore yellow rubber shoes and crumpled blue lab coats.Such "deep plowing" makes these young people "more like farmers than farmers".
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The cultivation method of 1 mu of land is different, which brings different productivity.
In 2021, Jiang Junwen, a flower farmer in Miningpo Village, Jinning District, Kunming, transformed 55 mu of land into a greenhouse that integrates substrate cultivation and water and fertilizer circulation, and planted rose varieties such as Pink Snow Mountain, Honey Peach Snow Mountain, Gaoyuanhong, and Zixia Fairy.In more than a year, the yield of roses per mu has tripled.In the auction market, Gaoyuan Red sold for a maximum of 9 yuan.
Jinning is the first county in China in terms of planting area and production of fresh cut flowers, with an area of 61,000 mu and an annual output of 5 billion fresh cut flowers. More than 50% of the country's fresh cut flowers come from Jinning.Among the 340,000 people in the region, there are 22,000 flower farmers and 55,000 people are engaged in flower production.
Under the influence of environmental protection, arable land, urban construction and many other factors, this county seat on the south bank of Dianchi Lake not only protects Dianchi Lake but also allows flowers to "grow" into a rich industry with an output value of 3.2 billion yuan?
A reporter from China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily recently saw in an interview that, as a key county in the layout of the flower industry in Yunnan Province, in addition to policies and technology, this land is leveraged.
From the planting side, make up for the shortcomings of "bad planting" and "bad selling"
"In the past 30 years, Jinning flowers have grown from nothing, from weak to strong, and become the core flower production area in Yunnan and China. All parties concerned have made a lot of efforts and hardships." said Pu Junhao, director of Jinning District Agriculture and Rural Bureau. , Jinning has the best temperate flower producing area in the world, a market that accommodates 5 billion fresh cut flowers every year, and more than 50,000 people serve this industry, all of which force Jinning's flower industry to transform to green.
Like the pain points of other agricultural industries, flowers, as an industry spontaneously formed by farmers, also have problems of "not growing well" and "not selling well" in the process of development: extensive planting methods destroy the soil environment and affect output; Lack of planting support compatible with modern agriculture, backward technology, non-standard management, low product standardization and other reasons make flower products unstable in quality and low in market value.
Therefore, to make up for the shortcomings of "bad planting" and "bad selling", we must first start from the planting side.In recent years, of the 61,000 mu of flower planting land in Jinning, more than 10,000 mu have been upgraded to substrate cultivation.
"Compared with the traditional soil cultivation mode, the substrate cultivation of fresh-cut flowers can increase the yield per mu from 30,000 to 50,000 to 100,000 to 150,000, of which high-quality flowers are increased from 30% to about 70%. The output value per mu also increases. From 30,000 to 50,000 yuan to 100,000 to 200,000 yuan." Pu Junhao said.
In the center of Jinning City, a 10,000-square-meter glass greenhouse is eye-catching.Entering the greenhouse, the hot and humid air blows.This scientific and technological innovation center of Yunnan Yuntianhua Modern Agriculture Development Co., Ltd. shows the future direction of flower technology development in Jinning.
According to Li Yunju, deputy general manager of Yuntianhua Modern Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., the Science and Technology Innovation Center needs to solve the technical difficulties in the industrial production process, export complete sets of agricultural technologies, complete solutions and industrial achievements, and promote the transformation of the industrial chain from low-end to mid-to-high-end.
The reporter saw that in the huge greenhouse, there are 5 production test areas for seedling breeding, potted flowers, cut flowers, artificial climate seedling breeding, and three-dimensional AI planting.Here, through different equipment systems, 186,000 seedlings can be bred once, and the annual output can reach 3.35 million; potted flowers can fill 5,000 pots of substrate per hour, replacing the workload of 50 workers; solving agricultural seedlings The production efficiency is low, the quality is uncontrollable, the production of potted flowers is labor-intensive, the production efficiency is low, and the production is extensive.At the same time, the average growth cycle of vegetables produced by the multi-layer three-dimensional AI plant factory is only 22 days, which is more than 30% shorter than the traditional planting time. A single crop can produce 16,000 vegetables, with an output of more than 4 tons, which is 8 times the output of field cultivation.
"As a modern agricultural demonstration and industrial innovation platform, the Science and Technology Innovation Center transforms the flowers and vegetables grown on the land into products on the assembly line, drives the digital breakthrough of traditional agriculture with industrial thinking, and injects new impetus into rural revitalization." Li Yunju said.
In addition to Yuntianhua, dozens of expert teams such as the National Ornamental Horticultural Engineering Technology Research Center, the National Phosphorus Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, and the Zhang Fusuo Academician Workstation of China Agricultural University have been introduced to cultivate flower substrates for the facilities and equipment in the traditional flower planting area of Jinning. , water and fertilizer cycle integration, providing technical support.
In order to promote the transformation and upgrading of high-standard greenhouses for flower farmers, Jinning has set up a special reward and subsidy fund to provide farmers with a 10% investment subsidy.Jiang Junwen, born in the 1980s, was one of the first flower farmers who participated in green production and benefited from it.
Jiang Junwen used to be a flower broker, buying flowers from farmers and sending them to companies in other places.In 2016, he returned to the village to plant flowers, starting from 60 mu, and now has 220 mu.Due to many years of cooperation with e-commerce and enterprises such as Huadian, Huayibao, etc., there are fixed sales channels, and the flowers on the base are picked on the same day and sent on the same day.
Last year, Jiang Junwen built a 55-acre greenhouse for soilless substrate cultivation.Although the cost of initial investment has increased, the output value of roses cultivated in 55 acres of substrates is three times higher than that of soil cultivation, and the cost of labor and fertilizer has decreased. Jiang Junwen predicts that "the cost can be recovered in two and a half years", and soilless cultivation bring better returns.He said: "The effect is obviously better than that of soil cultivation. Through the control of temperature and humidity, pests and diseases are reduced, and the quality of flowers is good and the yield is high."
On the eve of this year's "Mother's Day", Jiang Junwen's planting base is full of people, and nearly 50,000 roses are sent from here every day.In addition to more than 50 fixed workers, he also temporarily hired more than 40 people to pack and transport flowers.Jiang Junwen hired 50 workers to manage the flowers, some were local villagers and some were foreign couples.They work 8 hours a day and earn more than 3,000 yuan per month.
Install self-developed "chips" for roses
Over the past year, Qingshuihe Village in Jinning has become famous for its rose germplasm resource garden, attracting many tourists.
The small science and technology courtyard in the village has become the center of the villagers' meeting.In the "Rural Revitalization Laboratory" of the small courtyard, nearly 20 college graduates are stationed here. They are employees of Yunnan Aiqiangwei Horticultural Technology Co., Ltd.Over the years, under the leadership of Dr. Li Shubin from the Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, this research team is making up for another shortcoming of the flower industry: the independent research and development of varieties.
Li Shubin introduced that rose is the largest cut flower in the world and in China. Jinning's cut rose production accounts for almost half of the country's total. It is the hometown of roses and the city of flowers. However, a large number of varieties and seedlings need to be imported. All have to pay a certain amount of patent fees, which not only bears heavy burdens on farmers, but also “stucks” in the development of the industry.
"Variety is the commanding height of the entire flower industry, and it is the battleground of the flower industry." Li Shubin said that my country is rich in rose germplasm resources, and Yunnan is a treasure trove of wild rose germplasm resources, accounting for one-fifth of the world's Some are unique resources.
In order to take the lead in the innovation of new varieties and transform the diversity advantages of my country's rose germplasm resources into genetic advantages, variety advantages and industrial advantages, over the years, Li Shubin and his research team have traveled all over the country and collected domestic and foreign rose germplasm resources. There are more than 2,000 rose germplasm resources, including 60 precious ancient Chinese rose varieties, more than 1,000 modern rose varieties, and some wild rose resources, with 100,000 breeding materials.After 7 years of hard work, a rose germplasm resource bank has been built on 200 mu of land in Qingshuihe Village.
Li Shubin called their team the "Xiaoai Team".Before these young people enter the "Rural Revitalization Laboratory", they have to eat and live with the villagers for a month or two, so that they can familiarize themselves with the industries here and enhance their relationship with their fellow villagers.Except during breaks, they wore yellow rubber shoes and crumpled blue lab coats.Such "deep plowing" makes these young people "more like farmers than farmers".
The Xiaoai team can obtain about 200,000 rose hybrid seeds every year, screen 3-5 rose varieties to apply for patents, and cultivate more than 10 new rose varieties such as "Jinning Cuihua", which have been awarded by the State Forestry and Grassland Administration. Certificate of Plant Variety Rights.These roses, which can resist diseases and insects without spraying medicine, are planted outdoors, are resistant to high temperature and severe cold, are simple in management and maintenance, and consume less energy are called "environmentally friendly roses".Every year, the best new rose seeds and seedlings are put on the market, with an annual sales of nearly 10 million yuan.
"These breeding parents and new varieties with excellent genes of ancient Chinese roses and Yunnan wild roses are equivalent to installing self-developed 'chips' for roses." Li Shubin said, doing research in the village and producing results in the village.This knowledge-based innovation and entrepreneurship team not only seizes the commanding heights of seedlings, but also combines the revitalization of the seed industry with the revitalization of the countryside.
Today, Jinning has registered three geographical indication certification marks, "Jinning Carnation", "Jinning Hydrangea" and "Jinning Rose", forming 348 brands such as "Lynch Rose", "Zhang Liang Rose" and "Cloud Beauty" Hydrangea. Among them, Aibida's "mini rose" and Lynch rose were awarded the "Top 10 Famous Flowers" in Yunnan Province.14 high-standard facility cultivation demonstration bases and 11 standardized post-harvest processing centers have been built.In the next five years, Jinning's goals are: to increase the comprehensive output value and increase the income of flower farmers, to do subtraction in agricultural non-point source pollution control, to do multiplication in the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, and to do division in industrial structure adjustment. .Strive to achieve agricultural output value and processing output value of flower industry to reach 10 billion yuan and 12 billion yuan respectively.
"Leveraging the development of the flower industry to a higher level through planting and variety research and development is the protection of the first county in China for the production of fresh cut flowers, as well as the development of Jinning's rural areas, and the farmers' pursuit of common prosperity." Pu Junhao said.
China Youth Daily, China Youth Daily reporter Zhang Wenling Source: China Youth Daily
【Editor: Wang Yu】
